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11 questions

  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) introduces a new curricular structure replacing the 10+2 system. The new structure is:

    1. A.6+4+2
    2. B.5+3+3+4
    3. C.4+4+4
    4. D.7+5
    Show solution

    Answer: B. 5+3+3+4

    NEP 2020 introduces the 5+3+3+4 curricular structure: (1) Foundational stage — 5 years (3 years preschool + Classes 1-2); (2) Preparatory stage — 3 years (Classes 3-5); (3) Middle stage — 3 years (Classes 6-8); (4) Secondary stage — 4 years (Classes 9-12). NEP 2020 was approved by the Union Cabinet on 29 July 2020 — India's third NEP after 1968 and 1986.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The NIPUN Bharat Mission — focused on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy — was launched in:

    1. A.29 July 2020
    2. B.5 July 2021
    3. C.1 April 2022
    4. D.1 January 2023
    Show solution

    Answer: B. 5 July 2021

    NIPUN Bharat Mission (National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy) was launched on 5 July 2021 by the Department of School Education and Literacy under the Ministry of Education. The goal is for every child to attain foundational learning skills by the end of Grade 3 by 2026-27. NEP 2020 was approved on 29 July 2020 — different milestone.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The concept of 'salience' in public policy — central to the analysis of India's learning crisis — refers to:

    1. A.The amount of money spent on a programme
    2. B.How far an issue is acknowledged, prioritised, and translated into action by society
    3. C.The number of policies addressing an issue
    4. D.Media coverage of an issue
    Show solution

    Answer: B. How far an issue is acknowledged, prioritised, and translated into action by society

    Salience refers to how far an issue is acknowledged, prioritised, and translated into action by society. High salience drives implementation; low salience leads to policy-practice disconnect. The concept is widely used in political science and public administration to explain why some issues drive reform while others remain neglected despite formal policy frameworks.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The two primary postures in which Tirthankara images (Pratima) are depicted in Jain iconography are:

    1. A.Vajrasana and Sukhasana
    2. B.Kayotsarga and Padmasana
    3. C.Bhadrasana and Vajrasana
    4. D.Lalitasana and Ardhapadmasana
    Show solution

    Answer: B. Kayotsarga and Padmasana

    Tirthankara images are typically depicted in two primary postures: Kayotsarga (standing meditative posture, literally 'dismissing the body') and Padmasana (seated lotus posture). At the base of the statue, a Lanchhana — an identifying symbol — helps distinguish each Tirthankara (e.g., Bull for Rishabhanatha, Lion for Mahavira, Serpent for Parshvanatha).

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The Hathigumpha inscription — one of the earliest major epigraphic sources for Jain history — is associated with which ancient ruler and is located at:

    1. A.Ashoka — Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
    2. B.Kanishka — Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
    3. C.Kharavela — Udayagiri caves, Odisha
    4. D.Chandragupta — Bharhut, Madhya Pradesh
    Show solution

    Answer: C. Kharavela — Udayagiri caves, Odisha

    The Hathigumpha (literally 'Elephant Cave') inscription was issued by King Kharavela of Kalinga in the 1st century BCE, and is located at the Udayagiri caves near Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It records Kharavela's reign and his patronage of Jainism, and is among the earliest major epigraphic sources for Jain history.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Great Vows (Pancha Mahavratas) of Jainism?

    1. A.Ahimsa (non-violence)
    2. B.Satya (truthfulness)
    3. C.Brahmacharya (chastity)
    4. D.Tapas (austerity)
    Show solution

    Answer: D. Tapas (austerity)

    The Five Great Vows of Jainism are: (1) Ahimsa (non-violence), (2) Satya (truthfulness), (3) Asteya (non-stealing), (4) Brahmacharya (chastity), and (5) Aparigraha (non-attachment / non-possession). Tapas (austerity) is a Jain practice but is NOT one of the five vows.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The Jain doctrine of 'non-absolutism' or 'many-sidedness' — which suggests that truth and reality have multiple aspects and no single point of view captures the total truth — is called:

    1. A.Syadvada
    2. B.Anekantavada
    3. C.Karmavada
    4. D.Pudgalavada
    Show solution

    Answer: B. Anekantavada

    Anekantavada is the Jain doctrine of non-absolutism or many-sidedness — truth and reality are complex with multiple aspects; no single point of view captures the total truth. It is illustrated by the parable of the blind men and the elephant. Syadvada is the related logic of conditional predication ('Syat' — perhaps/maybe) that complements Anekantavada.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    Mahavira — the 24th and final Tirthankara of Jainism — attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience) at the age of:

    1. A.29
    2. B.35
    3. C.42
    4. D.72
    Show solution

    Answer: C. 42

    Mahavira attained Kevala Jnana (absolute knowledge / omniscience) at the age of 42 under a Sal tree at Jrimbhikagrama. He was born c. 599 BCE in Kundagrama (near Vaishali, Bihar) to King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala, and attained moksha at Pavapuri c. 527 BCE at age 72.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The first Tirthankara of Jainism in the present cosmic age — symbolised by the Bull — is:

    1. A.Mahavira
    2. B.Parshvanatha
    3. C.Rishabhanatha (Adinath)
    4. D.Neminatha
    Show solution

    Answer: C. Rishabhanatha (Adinath)

    Rishabhanatha (also known as Adinath) is the first Tirthankara of Jainism in the present cosmic age, symbolised by the Bull. Mahavira is the 24th and final Tirthankara (Lion symbol). Parshvanatha is the 23rd (Serpent symbol). Neminatha is the 22nd (Conch symbol).

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    The classification of Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna is applicable to:

    1. A.Private companies
    2. B.State Public Sector Undertakings only
    3. C.Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)
    4. D.Cooperative societies
    Show solution

    Answer: C. Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)

    The Maharatna/Navratna/Miniratna classification is applied exclusively to Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) by the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) under the Ministry of Finance. The classification does not apply to private companies, State Public Sector Undertakings, or cooperative societies.

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  • Uncategorized25 Apr 2026

    Power Finance Corporation (PFC) — where Rajesh Kumar Agarwal has been appointed Director — was granted Maharatna status on:

    1. A.12 January 2009
    2. B.12 October 2021
    3. C.1 April 2022
    4. D.15 August 2023
    Show solution

    Answer: B. 12 October 2021

    PFC was granted Maharatna status on 12 October 2021 — joining the highest tier of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs). PFC was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Power and is India's leading NBFC focused on the power sector.

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