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2 questions

  • Uncategorized16 May 2026

    Which of the following best describes the legal character of the 'Lahore Conspiracy Case' under which Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were tried?

    1. A.A trial before a special tribunal constituted under a colonial ordinance, with curtailed defence rights and no right of appeal to the Privy Council on most issues
    2. B.A regular sessions trial under the Indian Penal Code with full appellate rights up to the Privy Council
    3. C.A purely military court-martial under British Army regulations
    4. D.A Federal Court reference under the Government of India Act, 1935
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    Answer: A. A trial before a special tribunal constituted under a colonial ordinance, with curtailed defence rights and no right of appeal to the Privy Council on most issues

    The **Lahore Conspiracy Case** was tried by a **special tribunal** set up under a **colonial ordinance** that **curtailed normal defence rights** and the trial was completed in the accused's absence at one stage. It was not a regular sessions trial, nor a court-martial, nor a Federal Court matter (the 1935 Act came later).

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  • Uncategorized28 Apr 2026

    Which Supreme Court case is the leading authority for reading the Right to Health into Article 21?

    1. A.Vishaka v State of Rajasthan (1997)
    2. B.Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v State of West Bengal (1996)
    3. C.Olga Tellis v Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985)
    4. D.Indra Sawhney v Union of India (1992)
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    Answer: B. Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v State of West Bengal (1996)

    **Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v State of West Bengal (1996)** is the leading authority for reading the **Right to Health** into **Article 21** (Right to Life and Personal Liberty). The Supreme Court held that the state has an obligation to provide adequate medical facilities. **Vishaka (1997)** dealt with workplace sexual harassment guidelines (predecessor to the POSH Act 2013). **Olga Tellis** dealt with the right to livelihood; **Indra Sawhney** with reservations.

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